U.S. and Japanese Companies Struggle with Different Parts of AI Adoption—and Offer Different Lessons for Making It Work - Harvard Business Review

U.S. and Japanese Companies Struggle with Different Parts of AI Adoption—and Offer Different Lessons for Making It Work

Summary.

Companies in both the U.S. and Japan are struggling to deploy AI, but often in very different ways. In the U.S., deployment is wide but shallow, meaning companies struggle to create real valueIn the global story of AI adoption, the United States appears to be the clear leader. Meanwhile, Japan, once a global powerhouse of technological innovation, appears to lag. The numbers seem to confirm it: recent research from McKinsey found that 88% of U.S. companies use AI in at least one business function, while comparable research from the Yano Research Institute last spring found just 26% of Japanese companies said the same. According to the Stanford AI Index 2025, the U.S. ranked first globally in private AI investment in 2024; Japan ranked 14.